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Ilustraasi: Ekonomi Neoliberal. (Net)
Oleh: Thomas Koten
JANJI politik yang menyangkut ekonomi masyarakat atau ekonomi kerakyatan yang digelontorkan para capres-cawapres pada pemilu tahun ini terutama Prabowo-Gibran yang kini sudah menjadi presiden dan wakil presiden adalah apa yang disebut dengan janji politik kesejahteraan rakyat. Politik kesejahteraan berangkat dari welfare state, yakni negara berpijak pada kesejahteraan atau welfare society –masyarakat kesejahteraan.
Atas dasar itu, lalu muncullah pemikiran politik dengan orientasi utamanya yakni bagaimana kebijakan-kebijakan dan keputusan-keputusan politik yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan kesejahteraan rakyat. Lalu, Prabowo-Gibran memfokuskan pada upaya menciptakan ekonomi rakyat yang berkesejahteraan dengan tidak ada lagi kelaparan, tidak ada lagi gizi buruk dan anak-anak menderita stunting, dalam program makan siang gratis untuk anak sekolah.
Program makan siang gratis, merupakan wujud paling dasar dari pengejewantahan arti ekonomi rakitan Aristoteles dalam bahasa Yunani –dikos-rumah, nomos aturan. Kemudian berlanjut pada pemikiran ekonomi Adam Smith yaitu suatu ilmu yang menyelidiki hakikat dan penyebab dari kemakmuran suatu negara.
Ekonomi Neoliberal
Pertanyaan mendasar yang bisa diadopsi di sini adalah apakah politik kesejahteraan benar-benar bisa terwujud di tengah derasnya arus politik ekonomi global yang berwajah neoliberal. Neoliberalisme adalah suatu aliran ekonomi yang menjadi kelanjutan dari liberal klasik yang berbenderakan negara atau campur tangan negara.
Dengan kata lain, neoliberalisme bertolak dari paham atau istilah liberalisme yang awalnya digambarkan oleh Adam Smith dalam bukunya an inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nation yang menggambarkan suatu realitas hidup ekonomi yang mengedepankan kebebasan dalam persaingan.
Intinya bahwa manusia adalah homo economicus yang senantiasa mengejar keuntungan diri guna memperoleh manfaat yang sebesar-besarnya dari apa yang dimilikinya. Artinya, tatkala praktik ekonomi dibiarkan dalam persaingan pasar bebas tanpa kontrol yang signifikan dari negara, maka pemodal besar menjadi penguasa ekonomi dan pemodal kecil tersingkir dan mati tak berdaya. Kata Karl Marx, kelas atas menindas kelas bawah.
Maka, negara-negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia terus berusaha untuk hadir di tengah persaingan antara pemilik modal besar dan pemilik modal kecil, supaya kesejaheteraan rakyat dapat terjembatani. Pertanyaan lanjutan, apakah negara sanggup hadir menjadi jembatan bagi kesejahteraan rakyat. Bukankah neoliberalisme dengan perangkat organisasinya lewat korporasi transnasional seperti bank dunia, WTO, dengan jaringan-jaringan internasionalnya tidak henti-hentinya melucuti peran negara.
Realitas mengisahkan bahwa korporasi transnasional itu hingga kini masih terus menguasai pasar dan negara. Mereka membeli negara lewat penguasanya. Para korporator selalu berdiri dan bergerak di atas adagium, negara dan penguasa boleh punya rakyat, tentara dan senjata, tetapi para pemegang modal dapat membeli keputusan negara.
Perlu Keberanian Demi Rakyat
Satu-satunya harapan kita adalah adanya keberanian dari negara yakni pemimpinnya untuk hadir kokoh berjuang untuk rakyat. Negara tak boleh hadir hanya sebagai pengontrol dan penjaga malam bagi berjalannya pasar. Negara harus benar-benar hadir bersama rakyat, melindungi rakyat kecil dalam beraktivitas ekonomi.
Negara harus berdiri tegak di atas tiang keadilan warga negara sebagai wujud dari peran moralnya. Keadilan merupakan suatu persoalan moral bernegara yang sangat sulit ditemukan dalam filsafat ekonomi-politik neoliberal yang hanya mengejar keuntungan pasar tanpa peduli dengan nasib rakyat.
Apakah pemerintahan Prabowo-Gibran sanggup untuk itu? Tidak ada yang bisa menjawabnya sekarang. Waktu yang akan menjawabnya suatu saat nanti.
Penulis adalah Analis Sosial-Politik.