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Perempuan NTT versus Tembok Patriarki yang Keras
Rabu, 09 September 2026

Perempuan NTT versus Tembok Patriarki yang Keras


  • Penulis Thomas Koten
  • Minggu, 27 Oktober 2024 | 13:30
  • | Catatan
 Perempuan NTT versus Tembok Patriarki yang Keras Ilustrasi Perempuan-perempuan NTT. (NetiTalk)

Oleh: Thomas Koten

DARI perspektif sosial dan politik, partisipasi perempuan NTT dalam kehidupan sosial dan politik masih jauh dari optimal. Dalam perspektif politik, misalnya, seperti menjelang pemilihan legislatif yang lalu, rekrutmen perempuan dalam parpol masih sebatas untuk memenuhi kuota yang diwajibkan oleh undang-undang. Belum lagi aspek psikologis yang ikut mempengaruhi kaum perempuan dalam kiprahnya di dunia politik.

Artinya, budaya politik yang terbangun di NTT, terlihat sangat lekat dengan budaya maskulinitas atau budaya patriarki. Akibatnya, banyak perempuan belum merasa nyaman dalam arena politik. Kaum perempuan belum percaya diri ketika hendak bertarung memperebutkan kursi legislatif dan eksekutif. Kalaupun mereka berhasil, mereka belum terlalu percaya diri  juga dalam memperjuangkan kepentingan kaum perempuan di ruang politik pengambilan keputusan.

Dalam kehidupan sosial budaya pun sama. Baik  dalam rembuk adat atau pembicaraan adat maupun dalam sidang-sidang yang membahas tentang  masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan, perempuan tidak dilibatkan. Tempat perempuan dalam pembicaraan atau perbincangan adat misalnya, adalah di dapur yang bertugas menyiapkan sajian-sajian untuk para tetua adat. Kaum perempuan dianggap tidak berkepentingan untuk duduk bersama membicarakan masalah adat.

Kerasnya Tembok Patriarki di NTT

Patriarki merupakan sebuah nilai atau sistem sosial dan politik yang memosisikan pria atau laki-laki sebagai pemegang kekuasaan dan mendominasi dalam peran kepemimpinan sosial dan politik, pemegang otoritas moral, hak-hak sosial kemasyarakatan dan penguasaan properti seperti warisan.

Dalam masyarakat yang patriarkis, laki-laki memiliki kekuasaan, kekuatan dan kontrol. Perempuan biasanya dieksploitasi, direndahkan dan  dirugikan. Posisi perempuan dianggap kelas dua atau lebih rendah daripada laki-laki. Hingga hari ini perempuan di NTT tidak terlalu  diperkenankan untuk mengontrol kehidupan sosial politik di sekitarnya, bahkan kontrol diri pun tidak punya tempat.

Itulah fenomena yang sudah berlangsung ratusan tahun  atau ribuan tahun di NTT sejak terbentuknya masyarakat adat di kepulauan-kepulauan yang ada di NTT.  Dalam hal mana, masing-masing pulau, bahkan setiap kabupaten di NTT memiliki warna budaya tersendiri. Meskipun ada unsur kesamaan, namun kentalnya budaya patriarki di semua budaya di NTT  lebih kurang sama saja.

Pertanyaan apakah kondisi ini akan terus dibiarkan berjalan tanpa adanya pihak-pihak yang berjuang secara sungguh-sungguh untuk mengubahnya, terutama kaum perempuan sendiri? Pernyataan seorang feminis India di bawah ini bisa menjadi rujukan yang inspiratif.

Saat menerima gelar doktor kehormatan dari University of East London, Priety Zinta menyampaikan sebuah kata sambutan yang sangat singkat, seperti dikutib Nella Kedan-Dosen STPM di bawah ini.  An Indian women when she is young, she is depending on her father, when she is married, she is depending on her usband dan when she is old, she is depending on her son. And I dont want you to be like that I want you to have independent I want to bet he master of your destiny and the only way you can do that is if you are educated than you can stand n your own  two feet.

Terjemahan kira-kira seperti ini, Seorang perempuan India saat dia masih anak ia bergantung pada ayahnya, ketika ia menikah, ia bergantung pada suaminya, dan ketika dia tua, dia bergantung pada putranya. Dan saya tidak ingin kamu  menjadi seperti itu. Saya ingin kamu menjadi mandiri. Saya ingin kamu menjadi tuan atas takdirmu sendiri. Dan kamu hanya bisa melakukannya jika kamu berpendidikan, dengan demikian kamu bisa berdiri di atas kedua kakimu.

Solusinya, Pendidikan

Sulit untuk mengharapkan kaum pria membantu kaum perempuan bisa keluar dai perangkap budaya patriarki yang sudah lama menjerat dan membelenggu, bahkan sudah berabad-abad lamanya sejak peradaban paling awal terbentuk. Solusinya, perempuan harus terus bergerak  dengan modal pendidikan.

Dengan bermodalkan pendidikan, kaum perempan NTT memiliki akses pengetahuan yang mencerahkan dirinya, dan dengan itu kaum perempuan bisa mencerahkan lingkungan masyarakat budaya timur-NTT. Dengan pendidikan tinggi kaum perempuan bisa memiliki akses finansial untuk dijadikan sebagai  modal perjuangannya. Kaum perempuan juga bisa belajar banyak tentang pengetahuan dan literasi yang bisa jadi referensi perjuangannya.

Dengan pengetahuan dan literasi serta jaringan komunikasi serta finansial, kaum perempuan memiliki kepercayaan diri yang tinggi untuk memperjuangkan nasib kaumnya baik lawat jalur politik maupun lewat jalur sosial kemasyarakatan.  

Singkatnya, dengan kemajuan pendidikan yang diperoleh kaum perempuan di NTT, perempuan-perempuan NTT  akan sanggup menembus tembok patriarki yang sangat keras di NTT suatu saat nanti.

Penulis adalah Analis Sosial dan Politik.

Editor : Farida Denura
Penulis : Thomas Koten

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